Monstrosities Induced by Hypoxia

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Abstract
DESPITE an increased understanding of the causes of fetal defects that has come since 1940, when the role of rubella in their etiology was detected, not much new has been learned of the genesis of "monstrous" deformities in the human embryo. For example, gross deformities like those shown in Figure 1 have not been reported to occur after first-trimester rubella, and yet their origin is surely as early, if not earlier, in pregnancy as that of postrubella defects. However, some clinical clues are implicit in selected case histories such as the following, which suggest that embryonic development may be permanently altered by . . .