Precocious Clasping of Early Copepodite Stages: A Common Occurrence in Zausodes arenicolus Wilson (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)

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Abstract
Precopulatory clasping was studied in the harpacticoid copepod Z. arenicolus in Tampa Bay, Florida [USA]. Clasping of all juvenile copepodite stages (I-V) was observed, but no adult females or males were clasped. Clasping of early copepodites, rarely reported for other harpacticoids, occurs frequently in Z. arenicolus. The size-distribution of clasped individuals changed seasonally, with a higher proportion of younger stages being clasped when adult males are abundant relative to juveniles than when juveniles are relatively more abundant. Clasping of early stages in Z. arenicolus may be a response to scarcity of available mates.