Active Sites of Dermatan Sulfate for Heparin Cofactor II. Isolation of a Nonasaccharide Fragment Containing Four Disaccharide Sequences [α-l-Iduronic Acid 2-O-Sulfate (1,3)-β-d-N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-Sulfate]

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Abstract
The active site of dermatan sulfate (DS) for heparin cofactor II (HCII) was isolated in a fragment obtained by periodate oxidation, borohydride reduction, mild acid hydrolysis, and SE- and SAX-chromatography of beef mucosal and pig skin DS preparations. Characterization by mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and HPLC analysis of disaccharides, obtained by exhaustive digestion with chondroitinase-ABC, indicates that the fragment has the prevalent structure 1, GalNAc-4SO3-[IdoA-2SO3-GalNAc-4SO3]4-R, where R is CH(CH2OH)CH(COO−)-OH. 1, is the largest DS fragment thus far isolated containing IdoA2SO3 as the only uronic acid. Its lower activity (30%) with respect to the parent polymeric DS is explainable by Tollefsen model, requiring longer polyanionic chains for formation of ternary complex with thrombin.