Mechanically Refrigerated Liquid Hydrogen Target

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Abstract
A liquid hydrogen target which incorporates a mechanical refrigerator for cooling rather than using a liquid hydrogen reservoir or cold helium gas has been successfully operated at Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the mechanical refrigerator eliminates the hazard of a large liquid hydrogen inventory in the vicinity of the target. In addition, remote operation is greatly simplified over methods previously used. A commercially available 20.4 K refrigerator, standard gas handling and purifying components, and a specially constructed nonmetallic target flask comprise the mechanical portions of the target system. The target flask requires approximately 20 cc of liquid hydrogen. The system has operated satisfactorily in the external accelerated proton beam of the Zero Gradient Synchrotron.

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