A study of lower-limb mechanics during stair-climbing.

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Abstract
Motions, forces and moments at the major joints of the lower limbs of 10 men ascending and descending stairs were analyzed using an optoelectronic system, a force-plate and electromyography. Mean values for the maximum sagittal plane motions of the hip, knee and ankle were 42, 88 and 27.degree., respectively. Mean maximum net flexion-extension moments were as follows: at the hip, 123.9 N-m going up and 112.5 N-m going down stairs; at the knee, 57.1 N-m going up and 146.6 N-m going down stairs; and at the ankle, 137.2 N-m going up and 107.5 N-m going down stairs. When going up and down stairs large moments are present about weight-bearing joints, but descending movements produce the largest moments. The magnitudes of these moments are considerably higher than those produced during level walking. Apparently, the forces generated and the functional requirements during stair-climbing should be considered when establishing design criteria for prosthetic devices for weight-bearing joints and when advising patients about their activities.

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