Environmental Characteristics of Convective Systems during TRMM-LBA

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Abstract
In this paper, data collected from 51 days of continual upper-atmospheric soundings and the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) radar at Anglo–Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study (ABRACOS) Hill during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission component of the Brazilian Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (TRMM-LBA) experiment are used to describe the mean thermodynamic and kinematic airmass properties of wet season convection over Rondonia, Brazil. Distinct multiday easterly and westerly lower-tropospheric wind regimes occurred during the campaign with contrasting airmass characteristics. Westerly wind periods featured modest CAPE (1000 J kg−1), moist conditions (>90% RH) extending through 700 mb, and shallow (900 mb) speed shear on the order of 10−4 s−1. This combination of characteristics promoted convective systems that featured a relatively large fraction of stratiform rainfall and weak convection nearly devoid of lightning. In contrast, easterly regime convective systems were more s... Abstract In this paper, data collected from 51 days of continual upper-atmospheric soundings and the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) radar at Anglo–Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study (ABRACOS) Hill during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission component of the Brazilian Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (TRMM-LBA) experiment are used to describe the mean thermodynamic and kinematic airmass properties of wet season convection over Rondonia, Brazil. Distinct multiday easterly and westerly lower-tropospheric wind regimes occurred during the campaign with contrasting airmass characteristics. Westerly wind periods featured modest CAPE (1000 J kg−1), moist conditions (>90% RH) extending through 700 mb, and shallow (900 mb) speed shear on the order of 10−4 s−1. This combination of characteristics promoted convective systems that featured a relatively large fraction of stratiform rainfall and weak convection nearly devoid of lightning. In contrast, easterly regime convective systems were more s...