Esophageal electrodes allow precise assessment of cardiac output by bioimpedance

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Abstract
To analyze the impact of the position of the thoracic external electrodes on the values of cardiac output measured by electrical bioimpedance and to compare the results obtained by bioimpedance with those values determined by thermodilution in critically ill patients. Open, prospective, comparative trial. ICU of a teaching hospital. Twenty healthy volunteers and ten critically ill patients. Measurements of cardiac output by bioimpedance at rest and after physical activity in normal volunteers and after changing the neck or xiphoid electrodes. Comparisons of cardiac output obtained by thermodilution and bioimpedance with internal and external electrodes in patients. Mean ± SD values are presented. Cardiac output values at rest and after exercise were 6.7 ± 1.3 and 10.8 ± 2.6 L/min at rest and after exercise, respectively (p Conclusions a) The values of cardiac output derived from measurements obtained by bioimpedance using internal electrodes were comparable with those values derived from thermodilution. b) Values of cardiac output from bioimpedance studies with external electrodes were dependent on the position of the xiphoid electrodes. (Crit Care Med 1992; 20:62)

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