A STUDY OF THE MALE GENITALIA IN CALYPTRATE DIPTERA, BASED ON THE GENUS GONIA MEIGEN (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)

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Abstract
A review of the major papers on the 'genitalia' of calyptrate Diptera indicates the need of establishing the evident homologies within the group, studying homologies with other forms, studying the rotation of the parts known to occur in some forms, and studying the musculature.Gonia has 'sternite V' of the abdomen, and all succeeding segments, modified for effecting copulation. The 'posterior angles of sternite V' are produced. A small apparent 'tergite VI' may be secondarily cut off from the previously fused segments VI and VII. A narrow 'tergite VII' articulates on the left side with an asymmetric 'sternite VI and VII'. Segment VIII has disappeared. 'Tergite IX', the genital tergite, is large. 'Sternite IX', a shovel-shaped ventral sclerite, is anterior to the 'phallus'. Segment X is represented by the 'lateral lobes of sternite X', the 'tenth sternal plate', and the 'anal forceps' and, in related forms, (not in Gonia), by the 'parapodial plates'.The 'phallus' consists of a 'phallobase' with 'dorsal spine', a bell-shaped 'aedeagus', and protrusible 'penis'. The 'aedeagus' is formed of a dorsal 'paraphallus', lateral 'hypophalli', membranous 'ventralia', and apical membranous 'praeputium'. Anterior and posterior pairs of 'basal phallic appendages' surround the 'phallobase'. Internally a 'double apodeme' extends forward.The term 'genitalia' is used to refer to the entire modified apex of the abdomen.

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