SHALE OIL UPGRADING IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER SOLUTIONS
- 1 January 1990
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Fuel Science and Technology International
- Vol. 8 (6) , 673-687
- https://doi.org/10.1080/08843759008915949
Abstract
A supercritical water/HCl system was studied for upgrading Paraho shale oil (SO) at 400–425°C. The key process parameters were water density (ρw) and HC1 loading. Increases in ρw increased the selectivity to distillate-range products at the expense of gas and coke products. Increases in ρw also enhanced the ability of HCl to catalyze N-removal. However, coke and gas make also increased with increases in HCl loading. Optimal or “best case” results and conditions were 897% N-removal and 75% distillate yield, at T = 425°C, ρw = 0.2 g/cc, and HCl/SO = 0.05g/g. The underlying chemical mechanisms appeared to involve SCF solvent cage effects and hcterolytic N-removal brought about by dissociation of HCl.Keywords
This publication has 6 references indexed in Scilit:
- Solvent effects during reactions in supercritical waterIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1988
- Heterolysis and Homolysis in Supercritical WaterPublished by American Chemical Society (ACS) ,1987
- Extreme solvent effects on reaction rate constants at supercritical fluid conditionsAIChE Journal, 1987
- Oxidation kinetics of carbon monoxide in supercritical waterEnergy & Fuels, 1987
- Pyrolysis of benzylphenylamine neat and with tetralin, methanol, and water solventsIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, 1985
- Influence of water on guaiacol pyrolysisIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1985