Induction and differentiation of reproductive buds in Coffea arabica L.
Open Access
- 1 June 2005
- journal article
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology
- Vol. 17 (2) , 247-254
- https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202005000200008
Abstract
The induction and differentiation phases of reproductive buds of Coffea arabica L. have not received much attention. In the present paper, axillary buds from five plagiotropic branches that developed in the same growing season without fruits (1st crop branches), and from green segments of five recently grown plagiotropic branches with fruits (2nd crop branches), were collected every two weeks during successive inductive months of the year. This study was carried out with adult arabica trees, Catuaí Vermelho cv. IAC 81, cultivated under normal farming conditions in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil (22º54' Lat. S). Slides of longitudinal-axial sections of 10-12 mum thickness were mounted for the characterization and quantification of histological stages of bud differentiation. The results indicate that the regulatory signals controlling the phases of induction and differentiation of floral buds are distinct, and that there are differences in the response between branches with and without fruits. In the case of 1st crop branches (no fruits present), induction of floral buds took place in January and February, whereas floral bud differentiation was observed during the months of March and April. In 2nd crop branches (fruits present), the induction of floral buds was observed during any month of the year provided that they had already overcome their juvenile state (October-July, in this study). In these 2nd crop branches, the flower bud differentiation was only observed after harvesting all pre-existing fruits of each branch (after May, in this study), which suggests that floral bud differentiation in Arabica coffee is influenced by the source-sink relationship, i.e. by the presence of developing fruits within each plagiotropic branch. As fases de indução e diferenciação de gemas reprodutivas têm sido pouco estudadas em Coffea arabica L. No presente estudo, gemas axilares de cinco ramos plagiotrópicos formados na estação de crescimento recente e sem frutos (1ª produção) e de segmentos recentes de cinco ramos plagiotrópicos com frutos (2ª produção) foram coletadas quinzenalmente em diferentes épocas do ano. Foram utilizados cafeeiros arábica adultos var. Catuaí Vermelho, cultivados nas condições ambientes de Campinas (latitude 22º06'LS), SP, Brasil. Lâminas contendo cortes longitudinais-axiais com cerca de 10-12 mim de espessura foram analisadas para a caracterização e quantificação dos estadios de diferenciação histológica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os sinais que regulam a indução e a diferenciação das gemas florais são distintos, bem como existem respostas diferentes para ramos de 1ª e 2ª produção. Para a região de Campinas, em ramos de 1ª produção (sem frutos), a indução de gemas florais ocorreu nos meses de janeiro-fevereiro. A diferenciação das gemas florais foi observada a partir dos meses de março e abril. Nos ramos de 2ª produção (com frutos), a indução floral ocorreu durante todos os meses, uma vez superado o estado juvenil (outubro-julho, neste estudo). Nestes ramos com frutos, a diferenciação das gemas florais ocorreu somente após a colheita dos frutos pré-existentes nos ramos (a partir de maio), sugerindo que a diferenciação floral estava sendo influenciada pelas relações fonte-dreno do cafeeiro. A diferenciação floral em ramos contendo frutos mostrou-se intensamente influenciada pela presença de frutos em desenvolvimentoKeywords
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