Trace element levels in red spruce and the effect of age, crown and seasonal changes

Abstract
The trace element content of red spruce foliage exhibits seasonal changes which vary with the crown position, tree and tissue age and the particular element considered. Tree age has a significant effect on trace element content while crown position has a less striking influence. New foliage growth, when compared to 1 yr old needles, also exhibits differences. The mean levels of trace elements contained in red spruce foliage ranged from 1231-1915 ppm Mn, 32.8-50.8 ppm Fe, 14.5-18.4 ppm B, 5.5-6.6 ppm Cu, 52-88 ppm Al, 19.0-26.6 ppm Zn and 0.023-0.030 ppm Mo.

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