Light-Dependent Volume Changes and Reactions in Chloroplasts. II. Action of Anions

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Abstract
The effects of various physical and chemical factors on the 2 light-induced processes affecting spinach chloroplast volume in vitro, i.e. shrinkage and swelling, were investigated. The response of chloroplast volume to light intensity, temperature, pH, electron flow systems, and energy transfer inhibitors shows that light and dark reactions are involved in shrinkage and swelling. The presence of anions has been found to be an important factor in determining what action light has on chloroplast volume. The anion requirement has broad specificity; various organic acids, inorganic phosphate, arsenate, CO2, and bicarbonate inhibited swelling and stimulate shrinkage and NADP reduction of illuminated chloroplasts.