Modification of wetting properties of glazing by ion beam irradiation

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Abstract
Glazing, of the type used for the coating of electrical insulator, has been irradiated by means of 3 keV H, He, N and Ar ions with fluences from 2 X 10-3C/cm2 to 4 X 10-2c/cm2. Some exposures were performed under oxygen partial pressure. After treatment, the samples were stored in different environments for times varying from 3 to 1080 minutes. The samples were characterized by means of contact angel hysteresis measurements and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Irradiation with hydrogen ions produced a more hydrophobic surface and aging has little effect on the wettability. The other conditions of irradiation produced a more hydrophilic surface immediately after treatment. However, after an aging of approximately 150 hours, the samples became hydrophobic. This transition from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic surface was not found to depend strongly upon the irradiation or storage conditions. Characterization by means of angel- resolved XPS has shown a noticeable change in the composition of the glazing surface. In general, the irradiation removes a large portion of oxygen present in the pre-existing carbonaceous layer on the surface of the glaze. Also, according to a simple model describe din this article, the ion beam irradiation seems to enhance the concentration of the carbonaceous layer in islands on the glazing surface. The effect of aging seems to be due to a re-spreading of these islands to form a more homogeneous surface layer rich in carbon which leads to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface.

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