MERCAPTOPURINE PHARMACOGENETICS - MONOGENIC INHERITANCE OF ERYTHROCYTE THIOPURINE METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY

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  • 1 January 1980
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 32  (5) , 651-662
Abstract
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes thiopurine S-methylation, an important metabolic pathway for drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine. Erythrocyte (RBC) TPMT activity was measured in blood samples from 298 randomly selected subjects. Of the subjects, 88.6% were included in a subgroup with high enzyme activity (13.50 .+-. 1.86 U, mean .+-. SD), 11.1% were included in a subgroup with intermediate activity (7.20 .+-. 1.08 U), and 0.3% had undetectable activity. This distribution conforms to Hardy-Weinberg predictions for the autosomal codominant inheritance of a pair of alleles for low and high TPMT activity, TPMTL and TPMTH, with gene frequencies of .059 and .941, respectively. If RBC TPMT activity is inherited in an autosomal codominant fashion, then subjects homozygous for TPMTH would have high enzyme activity, subjects heterozygous for the 2 alleles would have intermediate activity, and subjects homozygous for TPMTL would have undetectable activity. The segregation of RBC TPMT activity among 215 1st-degree relatives in 50 randomly selected families and among 35 members of 2 kindreds and 1 family selected because they included probands with undetectable RBC enzyme activity were also compatible with the autosomal codominant inheritance of RBC TPMT. For example, in 8 matings between subjects with intermediate activity (presumed genotype TPMTL TPMTH) and subjects with high activity (presumed genotype TPMTH TPMTH), 47% (8/17) of the offspring had intermediate activity. This value is very similar to the 50% figure expected on the basis of autosomal codominant inheritance ( .chi.2 [1] = .059). Further experiments are required to determine whether this genetic polymorphism for an important drug metabolizing enzyme may represent 1 factor in individual variations in sensitivity to thiopurines. [The thiopurines, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and azathioprine, are used in the treatment of patients with neoplastic and autoimmune diseases and in the treatment of recipients of transplanted organs].