Immuno‐informatics: Mining genomes for vaccine components

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Abstract
The complete genome sequences of more than 60 microbes have been completed in the past decade. Concurrently, a series of new informatic stools, designed to harness this new wealth of information, have been developed. Some of these new tools allow researchers to select regions of microbial genomes that trigger immune responses. These regions, termed epitopes, are ideal components of vaccines. When the new tools are used to search for epitopes, this search is usually coupled with in vitro screening methods; an approach that has been termed computational immunology or immuno‐informatics. Researchers are now implementing these combined methods to scangenomic sequences for vaccine components. They are thereby expanding the number of different proteins that can be screened for vaccine development, while narrowing this search to those regions of the proteins that are extremely likely to induce an immune response. As the tools improve, it may soon be feasible to skip over many of the in vitro screening steps, moving directly from genome sequence to vaccine design. The present article reviews the work of several groups engaged in the development of immuno‐informatic stools and illustrates the application of these tools to the process of vaccine discovery.
Funding Information
  • National Institutes of Health (R43 AI 46212, R21 AI 45416, R01 AI 40888)