Significance of Fluid Levels in X-Ray Films of the Abdomen

Abstract
AMONG many surgeons and radiologists it is an axiom that the appearance of fluid levels in the intestine on a roentgenogram of the abdomen is pathognomonic of intestinal obstruction.As long ago as 1911, Schwarz,1 of Vienna, described the presence of gaseous shadows in loops of distended bowel and indicated their significance in the diagnosis of acute obstruction. He advocated the administration of a small amount of a contrast medium for the production of fluid levels and suggested that the erect position of the patient be used in order that fluid levels might be demonstrated. Assmann,2 in 1913, reported 5 . . .

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