Taura syndrome in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei cultured in Taiwan

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Abstract
Mass mortality of cultured white shrimp in southern Taiwan was diagnosed as an outbreak of Taura syn- drome (TS). From late 1998 to early 1999, 90% of the shrimp ponds were abandoned at 30 to 45 d after stocking post larvae from Ecuador and elsewhere. The shrimp began to die within 2 to 3 d after they stopped feeding. There were no other gross signs, except that some affected shrimp had reddened tails. Histologically, multifocal necrosis of the cuticular epithelium was the main lesion. The necrotic foci contained pyknotic and karyorrhectic nuclei, and many lightly and densely stained intracytoplasmic and intercellular, spherical inclusions. By transmission electron microscopy, small, icosahedral, picorna- like virus particles 30 nm in diameter were seen. Taken together, the observations resembled those for outbreaks caused by Taura syndrome virus (TSV). It is assumed that TSV was transferred to Taiwan via contaminated post larvae and spawners from epizootic areas. This is the first report of a TS outbreak in Taiwan. this newly introduced species. By early 1998, P. van- narnei became the most popular and highest-yield cul- tured shrimp in southern Taiwan. However, from late 1998 to early 1999, due to high mortality, shrimp pro- duction dropped sharply to as little as 10% of the pro- duction in early 1998. Based on the gross signs of disease, histopathologi- cal changes and evidence from transmission electron microscopy, we report in this paper that Taura Syn- drome Virus (TSV) was responsible for the high shrimp mortality.

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