Rocket Observations of the Structure of the Mesosphere

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Abstract
Pressure, density, temperature and wind measurements in the upper stratosphere and in the mesosphere resulted from a total of 53 rocket-grenade soundings conducted during the period 1960–1965. Most of the soundings were performed over North America (Wallops Island, 38N and Churchill, 59N) but some results were also obtained over the tropical Atlantic (Ascension Island, 8S) and over Northern Europe (Kronogard, 66N). Soundings were carried out simultaneously at these sites and were coordinated with soundings measing similar parameters over other areas of the globe. Seasonal and latitudinal variations in the structure and circulation of this region of the atmosphere were derived from the results. Stratosphere temperatures vary with season and latitude in accordance with solar heating rates and with established circulation models. Temperatures above 65 km are substantially warmer in winter than in summer. Average seasonal temperature differences are about 40K at 80 km. They are very pronounced at mid... Abstract Pressure, density, temperature and wind measurements in the upper stratosphere and in the mesosphere resulted from a total of 53 rocket-grenade soundings conducted during the period 1960–1965. Most of the soundings were performed over North America (Wallops Island, 38N and Churchill, 59N) but some results were also obtained over the tropical Atlantic (Ascension Island, 8S) and over Northern Europe (Kronogard, 66N). Soundings were carried out simultaneously at these sites and were coordinated with soundings measing similar parameters over other areas of the globe. Seasonal and latitudinal variations in the structure and circulation of this region of the atmosphere were derived from the results. Stratosphere temperatures vary with season and latitude in accordance with solar heating rates and with established circulation models. Temperatures above 65 km are substantially warmer in winter than in summer. Average seasonal temperature differences are about 40K at 80 km. They are very pronounced at mid...

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