The transitions between normal and null states of radio pulsars

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Abstract
It is shown that the null-state solution of a previously published polar-cap model has both a finite surface electric field component parallel with the magnetic flux density and a low acceleration potential difference. The null state is not time-independent, but is stable against a transition to the normal (radio emitting) state if the accelerated ions are not completely ionized by interaction with the thermal radiation field. The properties of the normal–null transitions are considered in detail and order of magnitude estimates of the transition speeds are given.

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