Abstract
Summary: Mycobacterium ulcerans infection was first described in 1948 as a clinical entity in six patients from Victoria, Australia. Since that time the disease has been described in at least 25 areas throughout the world, and the disease may be regarded as the third most important mycobacterial disease of man. Some thirty further cases are known to have occurred in Victoria, and the features of these cases together with a review of the original six are presented in this paper. An explanation is proposed for the distribution of the disease and the pathogenesis of the infection.

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