Comparison of the structures and the crystal contacts of trypanosomal triosephosphate isomerase in four different crystal forms

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Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a dimeric enzyme consisting of 2 identical subunits. Trypanosomal TIM can be crystallized in 4 different spacegroups: P212121, C2(big cell), C2(small cell), and P1. The P1 crystal form only grows in the presence of 1.4 M DMSO; there are 2 DMSO binding sites per subunit. The structures have been refined at a resolution of 1.83 Å, 2.10 Å, 2.13 Å, and 1.80 Å, respectively. In the 4 different spacegroups the TIM subunit can be observed in the context of 7 different crystallographic environments. In the C2 cells, the dimer 2‐fold axis coincides with a crystallographic 2‐fold axis. The similarities and differences of the 7 subunits are discussed. In 6 subunits the flexible loop (loop 6) is open, whereas in the P212121 cell, the flexible loop of subunit 2 is in an almost closed conformation. The crystal contacts in the 4 different crystal forms are predominantly generated by polar residues in loops. A statistical analysis of the residues involved in crystal contacts shows that, in particular, serines are frequently involved in these interactions; 19% of the exposed serines are involved in crystal contacts.