Phenolic antioxidants: potent inhibitors of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+‐ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Abstract
Bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methylphenyl)methane (bis‐phenol) is the most potent inhibitor of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+‐ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum yet identified. The compound behaves as a reversible, tight‐binding inhibitor with apparant K i = 0.3 μM. Butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and 4‐nonylphenol are also effective inhibitors. These observations are of particular interest in light of the widespread use of such phenolic antioxidants and stabilizers in the food industry and in the manufacture of rubbers and plastics and the ease with which the compounds are extracted into organic solvents.