Sharp global well-posedness for KdV and modified KdV on ℝ and 𝕋

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Abstract
The initial value problems for the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equations under periodic and decaying boundary conditions are considered. These initial value problems are shown to be globally well-posed in allL2L^2-based Sobolev spacesHsH^swhere local well-posedness is presently known, apart from theH14(R)H^{\frac {1}{4}} (\mathbb {R} )endpoint for mKdV and theH−34H^{-\frac {3}{4}}endpoint for KdV. The result for KdV relies on a new method for constructing almost conserved quantities using multilinear harmonic analysis and the available local-in-time theory. Miura’s transformation is used to show that global well-posedness of modified KdV is implied by global well-posedness of the standard KdV equation.