Depositional processes of Pleistocene lowland end Moraines, and their possible relation to climatic conditions

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Abstract
Three kinds of end moraines, depending most probably on climatic conditions affecting depositional environments, are characterized: (1) fluvioglacial end moraines ‐ built of gravels and sands froming fans superimposed on one another, and accumulated by abundant melt water during intense melting of an ice front in a comparatively warm environment; (2) ‘Glacial’ end moraines ‐ built of flow tills accumulated during slow melting in a comparatively cold environment; and (3) fluvioglacial‐and‐glacial end moraines, the most widespread ones in Polish lowlands – built of fluvioglacial stratified gravels and sands and of glacial ‘flow’ deposits; zones of considerable prevalence of glacial deposits over fluvioglacial ones may probably point to comparatively cold stages during deposition, and vice versa. The question of deposition of end moraines in distal and proximal direction, and their geological and geomorphological features is also briefly discussed.

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