Influence of Sulfide Inhibition of Nitrification on Nitrogen Regeneration in Sediments

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Abstract
Nitrification, a central process in the nitrogen cycle, converts ammonium to nitrite or nitrate. In experiments with estuarine sediment, addition of 60 and 100 μM hydrogen sulfide (HS − ) reduced nitrification by 50 and 100 percent, respectively. Aerobic incubation of ammonium-enriched sediment slurries showed that previous HS − exposure reduced nitrification for at least 24 hours; nitrification rates recovered slowly after one-time HS − exposure. Sulfide inhibition of nitrification could limit nitrogen loss through coupled nitrification-denitrification and may contribute to the previously observed difference in net nitrogen cycling between freshwater and marine sediments. This interaction could also exacerbate eutrophication in coastal environments.