Correlation of Dinantian and Avonian

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Abstract
I. Introduction. In view of the restricted purpose of this paper, a lengthy historical account of early research in the Belgian Province is entirely out of place. In regard to Belgium, Prof. Delépine's recent and exhaustive treatise—‘Recherches sur le Calcaire carbonifère de la Belgique’—contains an ample bibliography and gives details of classical research by Dorlodot and others. In regard to the North of France, Dr. A. Carpentier's recent work—‘Contribution à l'Étude du Carbonifère du Nord de la France’—gives a very full account of the Avesnes area and of the classical work of Gosselet. Lithological stratigraphy in Belgium.—Correlation within the Franco-Belgian Province has, in the main, proceeded upon lithological characters, and has resulted in as close an approximation as could be expected from so unsatisfactory a method. Fossil stratigraphy in Belgium.—The palæontological method employed in Belgium to determine the age of a given fauna consisted in weighing it against the Tournaisian and Viséan faunas; the proportionate resemblance was considered to give the horizon. Recent fossil stratigraphy in Britain.—It was the South-Western Province of Britain that first yielded a sequence of faunal zones applicable over a wide area. At the outset, only the first-establishment of new forms, whether due to migration or to evolution, was relied upon for the purpose of drawing time-lines across the Avonian sequence. Phasal difficulties did not arise, on account of the general similarity of the whole South-Western Province in lithological as well as in faunal succession. So soon as attempts were made, however, to apply the faunal

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