Controlling the Toll road to dendritic cell polarization
Open Access
- 14 January 2004
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Leukocyte Biology
- Vol. 75 (5) , 721-730
- https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1003482
Abstract
The activation of dendritic cells (DC) via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a decisive role in shaping the outcome of primary immune responses. Following TLR engagement by microbial products, DC migrate from peripheral tissues to lymphoid organs and up-regulate major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules, acquiring the unique capacity to prime pathogen-specific, naïve T cells. In addition, DC determine the character of the ensuing immune response by secreting cytokines that drive the development of T cells into T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2, or T regulatory effector cells. Three major factors influence the pattern of cytokines released by DC and accordingly, the Th balance: the lineage to which DC belong; the maturation stimulus; and inflammatory mediators present at the site of infection. A major focus of this review is the capacity of DC to integrate these factors and elicit distinct classes of immune responses.Keywords
This publication has 102 references indexed in Scilit:
- Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Activation of Mast Cells: Implications for Allergic Disease?International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 2003
- Most lymphoid organ dendritic cell types are phenotypically and functionally immatureBlood, 2003
- Double-Stranded RNA-Exposed Human Keratinocytes Promote Th1 Responses by Inducing a Type-1 Polarized Phenotype in Dendritic Cells: Role of Keratinocyte-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor α, Type I Interferons, and Interleukin-18Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2003
- Interferon-producing Cells Fail to Induce Proliferation of Naive T Cells but Can Promote Expansion and T Helper 1 Differentiation of Antigen-experienced Unpolarized T CellsThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2003
- Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell–mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLPNature Immunology, 2002
- Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypesNature Reviews Immunology, 2002
- Toll-like receptor expression reveals CpG DNA as a unique microbial stimulus for plasmacytoid dendritic cells which synergizes with CD40 ligand to induce high amounts of IL-12European Journal of Immunology, 2001
- Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-α/β in plasmacytoid dendritic cellsEuropean Journal of Immunology, 2001
- Site of antigen delivery can influence T cell priming: pulmonary environment promotes preferential Th2-type differentiationEuropean Journal of Immunology, 2000
- Effect of interleukin‐10 on dendritic cell maturation and functionEuropean Journal of Immunology, 1997