Investigation on the Structure of the Active Site of Monoamine Oxidase‐B by Affinity Labeling with the Selective Inhibitor Lazabemide and by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis

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Abstract
The structural features of the active site of human monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) were investigated by affinity labeling and site‐directed mutagenesis. The pseudosubstrate inhibitor N‐[2‐aminoethyl]‐5‐chloro‐2‐pyridine carboxamide HCl (lazabemide) can be irreversibly linked to MAO‐B by reduction of the enzyme‐inhibitor complex with NaBH3CN. Analysis of the flavin spectrum of [3H] lazabemide‐labeled human MAO‐B indicated that insertion of the inhibitor did not occur into the isoalloxazine ring of FAD. After trypsin digestion and HPLC peptide mapping of the radiolabeled enzyme, two labeled peptides were observed. Sequence analysis showed that both peptides started at Val371 of human MAO‐B. These results indicate that [3H] lazabemide is incorporated into the MAO‐B peptide stretch containing the FAD‐modified Cys397. The function of putative active‐site residues contained in this region was investigated by site‐directed mutagenesis and expression of the mutant proteins in HEK‐293 cells. Substitution of His382 of MAO‐B with an Arg greatly reduced the enzymic activity, suggesting that this residue may represent a nucleophile relevant for the MAO‐B catalytic mechanism. Whereas it has been shown that mutation of Cys389 with a Ser residue does not markedly affect the activity of the enzyme [Wu, H.‐F., Chen, K. & Shih, J. C. (1993) Mol. Pharmacol. 43, 888–893], the mutant carrying an Ala at this position was virtually inactive. Conversely, substitution of Lys386 (to Met) and Ser394 (to Ala) did not markedly modify the kinetic properties of the enzyme. We also report that mutation of MAO‐B Thr158 (to Ala) resulted in a dramatic loss of enzymic activity.