Effect of steroids on definitive localization of primordial germ cells in the chick embryo

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Abstract
It has been suggested that PGCs are attracted to developing gonads by a chemotactic-like agent secreted by the gonads and that this agent might be steroidal in nature. This study was undertaken to ascertain whether specific exogenous steroid hormones exert an influence on germ cell colonization of the gonads, by enhancing, inhibiting or otherwise interfering with it. Testosterone cypionate in cottonseed oil, crystalline testosterone propionate, estrone in aqueous suspension and crystalline estradiol-17β were administered to chick embryos at 33 hours incubation. Normally developed embryos, those receiving cottonseed oil (vehicle for testosterone cypionate) and those receiving cholesterol served as controls. A decrease in the number of germ cells in the gonadal area at five days of incubation occurred in all groups receiving the androgens and estrogens. However, in only one group (that receiving testosterone cypionate) was this decrease found to be significant. The mean number of germ cells found in the cottonseed oil controls and the cholesterol controls closely paralleled that of the normally developed controls. Normal asymmetry in the distribution of the germ cells favoring the left side in the chick was not affected in any of the groups; however, the percentage distribution of the germ cells between the right and left gonads at this early stage appeared to be affected.