Modelling changes in cations in the topsoil of an Amazonian Acrisol in response to additions of wood ash

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Abstract
Summary: Predictions of changes in soil solution chemistry and exchangeable cations which occur on ash deposition after slash burning are complex and may be facilitated by the use of chemical models. Multi‐ion sorption in the topsoil of an Amazonian Acrisol was studied by sequentially adding small amounts of electrolytes to soil and mixtures of soil and ash in batch experiments. A chemical equilibrium model that included inorganic complexation, multiple cation exchange and sparingly soluble salts (aluminium hydroxide and magnesian calcites) was used to interpret the results. The model predicted well the pH and sorption values in all experiments in which there was no addition of ash. The model suggested that cation exchange was the main process determining concentrations of soil solutions in all cases where neutral salt solutions were added, and that proton buffering was achieved by the dissolution of Al(OH)3 which was followed by Al3+ adsorption. Calculation of ion activity products in solutions from various batch experiments in soil + ash mixtures suggested that magnesian calcites of differing solubility may be in equilibrium with the activities of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in solution. An incongruent dissolution of Mg resulted in less soluble magnesian calcites in the ash. The model estimated satisfactorily the pH and the sorption of ions for all experiments with differing ash additions to the soil. Most of the Ca and significant amounts of Mg added in the ash are expected to remain for a long time in the soil and may determine the Ca and Mg status of the soil solution, primarily controlled by principles of solubility products.