Acute lindane intoxication: A study on lindane tissue concentration and oxidative stress‐related parameters in liver and erythrocytes

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Abstract
Treatment of rats with daily dosis of 20 mg of lindane/kg for 3 consecutive days led to the accumulation of the insecticide in several tissues, including erythrocytes and liver. Lindane did not alter the hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration but reduced methemogiobin levels by 17%. Red blood cells from controls and lindane‐treated rats, exposed to t‐butyl hydroperoxide, exhibited comparable rates of oxygen uptake and visible chemiluminescence, whereas the induction period that precedes oxygen uptake was significantly enhanced in the latter group. Lindane treatment did not modify the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, and methemoglobin reductase, being the total content of glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity significantly increased. The liver from lindane‐treated rats showed an enhanced microsomal pro‐oxidant activity, evidenced by higher cytochrome P450 content and NADPH‐cytochrome c reductase and NADPH oxidase activities. The higher enzyme activities led to an increased superoxide anion generation (adrenochrome formation) and lipid peroxidation (measured either by the production of thiobarbituric acid reactants and spontaneous visible chemiluminescence). Concomitantly, liver glutathione content and the activity of glutathione peroxidase‐glutathione reductase couple were augmented by lindane treatment, without any change in superoxide dismutase activity, together with a reduction in that of catalase. Results suggest that lindane does not alter the prooxidant/antioxidant status of the erythrocyte in conditions of a significant cellular accumulation of the insecticide, which might exert direct action on enzymatic systems leading to enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content. In the liver, lindane‐induced pro‐oxidant condition was not accompanied by cell injury, probably due to the adaptative increase in some antioxidant mechanisms of the hepatocyte.

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