What Kind of Basic Science for Clinical Medicine?

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Abstract
Clinical medicine involves explanatory decisions for the names, mechanisms and causes of disease, and managerial decisions for therapeutic interventions to prevent or alter disease. Although both types of decision depend on the intellectual constructions used in experiments, the scientific procedures required for managerial decisions about sick people differ from the methods used for explanatory science in the simpler materials of laboratory work. Because the scientific thrust of medicine has been directed mainly toward explanatory mechanisms, a suitable "basic science" has not yet been developed for making and evaluating managerial decisions.

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