Surface magnetism of Gd(0001): Evidence of ferromagnetic coupling to bulk

Abstract
Previous polarized electron experiments and recent ab initio calculations suggest that the surface layer magnetic moments of Gd(0001) are antiferromagnetically coupled to the bulk magnetic moments. Spin-polarized photoemission data are presented which show that the spin polarization of the magnetic surface state and the surface 4f states of Gd(0001) are coupled ferromagnetically to the bulk magnetic moment.