Ultrastrong Stationary Double Layers in a Nondischarge Magnetoplasma

Ultrastrong stationary double layers are generated in a magnetoplasma by simply applying potential differences between two plasma sources. The potential drop ${\varphi }_D$ of the double layer is increased up to $\frac{e{\varphi }_D}{T_e}\simeq 2\times {10}^3$ ($T_e$ is the electron temperature in eV) with no difficulties caused by gas discharge. There are always large spiky fluctuations on the low-potential tail of the double layers.