Clinical pharmacology of nicardipine in liver transplant patients

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Abstract
Slow calcium channel antagonists are widely used among transplanted patients suffering from hypertension, although some of them tend to reduce hepatic blood flow. The aim of our study was to determine the pharmacological properties of nicardipine in transplanted patients with hypertension. Ten hours after liver transplantation, six patients (three men, three women) received 5 mg of intravenous nicardipine to prevent high blood pressure during intensive care. Prior to the administration and during the study (at the completion of the infusion, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min after infusion), the systemic and splanchnic parameters were measured (Swan Ganz catheter). Blood samples were drawn simultaneously from radial artery and free hepatic veins, in order to obtain the hepatic extraction of nicardipine. The hepatic extraction ratio was around 70% for the first 3 min, then decreased and remained stable thereafter, around 45%, showing a non linear first-pass metabolism pattern. Plasma hepatic clearance of nicardipine (699-850 ml/min) was close to total plasma clearance throughout the study (978 +/- 222 ml/min, from 71 to 87%) and half of the estimated hepatic plasma flow values at the same times (1467-1770 ml/min, from 44 to 51%). No statistically significant changes were observed in cardiac output and hepatic blood flow during the study, although there was a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure from 87 +/- 6 mmHg baseline level to 76 +/- 3 mmHg, 60 min after administration. Nicardipine chlorhydrate seems to be appropriate in post operative liver transplant patients when blood pressure must be decreased. Nicardipine safely lowers peripheral resistance, and does not induce changes in hepatic blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)