Relativistic Hierarchy of Reference Systems and Time Scales

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Abstract
Relativistic hierarchy of reference systems (RS) developed in recent years by different authors is examined in detail. Metric expressions and transformation relations for solar system barycentric RS (BRS), heliocentric RS (HRS), Earth-Moon local RS (LRS), geocentric RS (GRS), topocentric RS (TRS)and Earth satellite RS (SRS) may be obtained explicitly in harmonic coordinates of GRT. The time coordinate of any RS involves the corresponding time scale. Particular attention is given to the closed form representation of GRS avoiding expansions in powers of the geocentric coordinates. GRS has been constructed in both versions of dynamically non-rotating GRS (DGRS) or kinematically non-rotating GRS (KGRS). DGRS and KGRS differ in their space axes orientation by the amount of the geodesic precession. Similarly, taking into account the motion of the Sun around the center of the Galaxy one should distinguish between dynamically non-rotating BRS (DBRS) and kinematically non-rotating BRS (KBRS) differing in their space axes orientation by the amount of the galactic precession. Reduction to the galactic time and the galactic space axes may be needed in the nearest future.

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