Adolescents' Perceptions of Family Cohesion and Power: A Methodological Study of the Family System Test

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Abstract
This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Family System Test (FAST), a figure placement technique designed to represent cohesion and power in the family. The FAST assesses cohesion by distances between figures on a board, and power by height of blocks on which figures are elevated. Cohesion and power scores are derived for the family as a unit, and its various subsystems, including the marital, cross-generational and sibling dyads. The predominantly White, middle-class sample consisted of 137 early adolescents and 130 midadolescents who portrayed their family under three conditions in typical, ideal, and conflict situations. To establish stability all early adolescents and 28 of the midadolescents were seen twice, one week apart. An additional 20 midadolescents were seen four months later. To establish convergent and discriminant validity subjects completed the FACES III and the cohesion and control subscales of the FES. To establish construct validity the data from the FAST were examined as to their consistency with both developmental and family system perspectives. The FAST demonstrated test-retest stability, near-independence of cohesion and power dimensions, as well as convergent and construct validity. In general, psychometric properties of the FAST were better for midadolescents than for early adolescents. Advantages of the FAST as a research and clinical tool are discussed.