Monophyly and Phylogeny of the Schiffornis Group (Tyrannoidea)
- 1 May 1989
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Ornithological Applications
- Vol. 91 (2) , 444-461
- https://doi.org/10.2307/1368323
Abstract
A cladistic analysis of 19 characters was used to investigate the phylogeny of the Schiffornis group, a monophyletic assemblage of six genera of suboscine passerines which are currently placed in three different tyrannoid families: Schiffornis (Pipridae, manakins), Laniisoma, Iodopleura (Cotingidae, cotingas), Laniocera, Xenopsaris, and Pachyramphus (Tyrannidae, tyrant flycatchers). The character systems analyzed include syringeal and cranial morphology, plumage, and nest architecture. Monophyly of the Schiffornis group was supported by two syringeal synapomorphies. Within the group, the phylogenetic relationships of five of the six genera were resolved; Schiffornis is the sister group to Laniisoma and Laniocera, and Xenopsaris is the sister group of Pachyramphus. The relationship of Iodopleura to these two corroborated clades was not resolved. The higher-level relationships of the Schiffornis group to other tyrannoids was not resolved. Results of two previous biochemical phylogenies of tyrannoids both corroborate and conflict with this morphological hypothesis. Comparative analysis of the evolution of breeding systems in tyrannoids indicates that polygyny may have developed independently within the group, resulting in the evolution of a novel form a male advertisement behavior without conspicuous sexual dimorphism and a distinct type of spatial dispersion of male territories. /// Un análisis cladístico de 19 características se emplea para investigar las relaciónes filogenéticas del grupo Schiffornis, un conjunto monofilético de seis géneros, los cuales se ubican ahora en tres familias diferentes en la superfamilia Tyrannoidea: Schiffornis (Pipridae), Laniisoma, Iodopleura (Cotingidae), Laniocera, Xenopsaris, y Pachyramphus (Tyrannidae). Las características empleadas incluyen la morfología de la siringe y del craneo, el plumaje, y la estructura del nido. La posición del grupo Schiffornis en Tyrannoidea no se ha determinado. Dentro del grupo, las relaciónes de cinco de los seis géneros fueron resueltas por la hipótesis filogenética mas parsimoniosa, es decir, aquella que requiere el menor numero de características derivados. Schiffornis es más cercano a un linaje que consiste de Laniisoma y Laniocera; y Xenopsaris es más cercano a Pachyramphus. Las relaciónes de Iodopleura no eran resolvado. La comparación de estos resultados con dos hipóteses filogenéticas bioquímicas resulta similitudes y conflictos. Un análisis comparativo de la evolución de los comportamientos reproductivos en Tyrannoidea indica que polygínia se ha desarollado independientemente en el grupo Schiffornis. También en el groupo Schiffornis, se han desarollado nuevos tipos de dispersión territorial y anuncio nupcial de los machos sin dimorfismo sexual.This publication has 9 references indexed in Scilit:
- Evolutionary Genetics of Flycatchers. II. Differentiation in the Empidonax difficilis ComplexThe Auk, 1988
- Molecular Perspective on Higher-Level Relationships in the Tyrannoidea (Aves)Systematic Zoology, 1985
- Monophyly of the Tyrannidae (Aves): Comparison of Morphology and DNASystematic Zoology, 1985
- Phylogenies and the Comparative MethodThe American Naturalist, 1985
- Evolutionary Genetics of Flycatchers. I. Sibling Species in the Genera Empidonax and ContopusSystematic Zoology, 1984
- Outgroup Analysis and ParsimonySystematic Zoology, 1984
- The Systematic Position of the Cocos FlycatcherOrnithological Applications, 1984
- The Relationships of the Sharpbill (Oxyruncus cristatus)Ornithological Applications, 1984
- Enzyme Clearing of Alcian Blue Stained Whole Small Vertebrates for Demonstration of CartilageStain Technology, 1977