Study on saponins of rhizomes of Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus collected at Tzatogang and Pari-la, Bhutan-Himalaya.

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Abstract
Saponins of rhizomes of two specimens of Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus collected at high-altitude areas of Bhutan (Tzatogang and Pari-la : tentatively named specimens T and P) were investigated. With regard to oleanolic acid saponins, two new saponins, pseudo-ginsenosides-RT1 and RP1, were isolated along with the known saponins, chikusetsusaponins IVa and V, from both specimens. It seems significant that chikusetsusaponin IV was not detected in these specimens, in contrast to Japanese and Chinese P. japonicus and P. pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus collected at lower-altitude areas of Bhutan, all of which contained chikusetsusaponin IV as one of the major saponins, whereas they lacked pseudo-ginsenosides-RT1 and -RP1. As regards dammaranesaponins, ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rd, -Rg1 and a new saponin, pseudo-ginsenoside-RT3, were isolated from specimen T, while ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rd, -Re, -Rg1 and -F2, gypenoside-XVII and pseudo-ginsenoside-RT3 were isolated from specimen P. Characteristic saponins having the ocotillol-type side chain were also isolated; pseudo-ginsenoside-F11 and three new saponins, pseudo-ginsenosides-RT2, -RT4 and -RT5, from specimen T and pseudo-ginsenoside-RT4 from specimen P.

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