Immunological modulation and evasion by helminth parasites in human populations

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Abstract
Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in human communities in developing countries. In an endemic area an infected individual may harbour parasitic worms for most of his or her life, and the ability of these infections to survive immunological attack has long been a puzzle. But new techniques are starting to expose the diverse mechanisms by which these agents modulate or evade their hosts' defences, creating a dynamic interaction between the human immune system and the parasite population.