Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS). Four ablation treatments of a single canine hepatocellular adenoma

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Abstract
Canine hepatocellular adenomas are benign, well-differentiated, primary hepatic tumours, most often diagnosed as an incidental finding. These tumours occur with a higher frequency than the malignant counterpart, and usually occur in dogs over 10 years of age. Grossly, adenomas appear well circumscribed and demarcated. They are usually single, may be quite large (up to 20 cm) and often exhibit a pedunculated attachment. Adenomas consist of a friable, highly vascular parenchyma, and rupture with subsequent haemoperitoneum may be the clinical presentation. Grossly and histologically, these tumours may be difficult to distinguish from nodular hyperplasia or even normal liver tissue. Histologically, encapsulation and compression of adjacent hepatic parenchyma are characteristic features. Complete surgical resection is curative but by the time of diagnosis high tumour burden may make this unachievable. The prognosis for respectable hepatocellular adenomas is good, and survival times of up to 2 years have been reported [ 1 x [1] Liptak, J.M., Dernell, W.S., and Withrow, S.J. Liver tumors in cats and dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 2004; 26: 50–56 Google Scholar See all References , 2 x [2] Hammer, A.S. and Sikkema, D.A. Hepatic neoplasia in the dog and cat. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1995; 25: 419–435 Abstract | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (39) | Google Scholar See all References ].