ULV/CDA optimum spray droplet size for control of the eastern spruce budworm in Canada

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Abstract
The post-World War II availability of aeroplanes and pilots and synthetic insecticides provided Canadian forest managers with the means of controlling devastating plague outbreaks of spruce budworm. Subsequent adoption of ULV spray rates, definition of the biologically optimum droplet size, and development of aerial spray generators such as the Micronair and Beecomist, have since given rise to an effective and environmentally acceptable forest protection practice.