Interaction Between (-)Naloxone and Morphine in Modifying Superoxide Generation from Human Granulocytes

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Abstract
The effect of the opioid agonist morphine and of the (-) and (+) stereoisomers of the antagonist naloxone were studied on superoxide generation from human granulocytes. Morphine or naloxone had no effect on basal or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide generation. Combined equimolar (-)naloxone and morphine concentrations (0.1 pM-0.1 microM) inhibited PMA-stimulated superoxide generation, while combined (+)naloxone and morphine had no effect. The stereospecific effect of naloxone suggests the involvement of opioid receptors. Thus, inhibition of superoxide generation by combined (-)naloxone and morphine could result from the unmasking of non opioid effects of morphine. It is suggested that the opioid control of oxidative metabolism in human granulocytes could involve multiple receptors mediating opposite effects.