A cytoembryological study of Agrostis pilosula

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Abstract
A detailed investigation of microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, female gametophyte development, and embryogeny in Agrostis pilosula Trin. has been made. The chromosome number of 2n = 44 is the first record for this species. Pollen mother cell meiosis reveals normal chromosome behaviour. Microspore tetrads are mostly isobilateral. The bitegmic ovule is initially anatropous and becomes hemianatropous. The inner integument delimits the micropyle. A single archesporial cell, which is hypodermal or, more rarely, deeply seated in origin, directly functions as the megaspore mother cell. Meiosis usually results in the formation of a T-shaped tetrad of megaspores, but occasionally a linear triad of megaspores is seen instead. After three mitotic divisions, the chalazal megaspore gives rise to an eight-nucleate embryo sac. The mature female gametophyte is atypical because of the lateral displacement of antipodals and its triangular shape. It consists of two synergids, a pear-shaped egg slightly pushed aside, fused polar nuclei in close approximation to the egg cell, and three large ballooned laterally displaced coenocytic antipodal cells with hypertrophied nuclei. This antipodal condition might be associated with hormonal imbalance. The endosperm is free nuclear at first and leads to the formation of solid endosperm. Starch grains are observed in older cells of endosperm. The embryo development is regular and conforms to Pooid type.