The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Open Access
- 1 March 2006
- journal article
- review article
- Published by European Respiratory Society (ERS) in European Respiratory Journal
- Vol. 27 (3) , 627-643
- https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00024605
Abstract
Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) auto-antibodies have been found in many patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The present study reports a retrospective case series of patients who used aerosolised GM-CSF in the treatment of idiopathic PAP. Between 1999 and 2003, 12 patients elected to receive aerosolised GM-CSF (250 µg b.i.d. every other week) in lieu of whole-lung lavage or observation.Keywords
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