The stapedius muscle in relation to sound conduction.

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Abstract
The function of the stapedius muscle was investigated by artificially reproducing its action and observing the effects upon the electrical responses of the cochlea. Tension applied through a thread attached to the stapedius tendon causes a marked reduction in transmission for low tones, a smaller reduction for high tones, and for certain tones of the middle range a preliminary improvement and then a considerable decline. The results thus show that in general the stapedius muscle, like the tensor tympani, operates so as to protect the inner ear against overstimulation. A further effect of tension on the stapedius tendon is a significant alteration of the pattern of distortion of the ear.

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