Epigenetic Modulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma
- 1 May 2005
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Clinical Cancer Research
- Vol. 11 (9) , 3535-3542
- https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1092
Abstract
Purpose: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to reverse epigenetic repression of certain genes, including retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2). In this study, we examined whether RARβ2 expression is repressed in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and whether the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 may revert its epigenetic repression. Experimental Design: Six human tumor RCC cell lines were analyzed for RARβ2 gene expression and for methylation and acetylation status at the promoter level. Modulation of RARβ2 expression and correlation with antitumor activity by combination of MS-275 with 13-cis-retinoic acid (CRA) was assessed in a RARβ2-negative RCC cell line. Results:RARβ2 expression was either strongly present, weakly expressed, or absent in the RCC cell lines analyzed. Methylation-specific PCR indicated that the RARβ2 promoter was partially methylated in three of the cell lines. CRA treatment did not inhibit clonogenic growth in the RARβ2-negative cell line RCC1.18, whereas MS-275 induced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. A greater inhibitory effect was observed with combination treatment (MS-275 + CRA). Treatment with MS-275 was associated with histone acetylation at the promoter level and synergistic gene reexpression of RARβ2 in combination with CRA. RARβ2 reexpression was associated with synergistic induction of the retinoid-responsive gene HOXA5. In vivo, single-agent CRA treatment showed no significant effect, whereas MS-275 and the combination induced a regression of RCC1.18 tumor xenografts. Discontinuation of treatment produced tumor recurrence in MS-275-treated mice, whereas animals treated with the combination remained tumor free. Conclusion: The HDAC inhibitor MS-275 seems to revert retinoid resistance due to epigenetic silencing of RARβ2 in a human RCC model and has greater antitumor activity in combination with CRA compared with single agents. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and retinoids may represent a novel therapeutic approach in patients with RCC.Keywords
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