Strong light-induced refractive index changes in LiNbO3

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Abstract
Experiments were performed to investigate the photorefractive effect at large light intensities. Different LiNbO3 crystals were exposed to a focused argon ion laser beam and the refractive index changes generated were measured with a Mach-Zehnder Interference microscope. We Investigated nominally pure L1NbO3 with different Li/Nb ratio and Fe:LINbO3 with different iron concentration. For all crystals we find an increase of the index change with increasing intensity up to values larger than iO. According to the usual model of the photorefractive effect an intensity independent refractive index change is expected. The iron doped samples show the expected intensity independence up to intensities of 50 W/cm2. Below this value the spatial index profile is compatible with the model. At larger intensities, the additional Index rise is unexpected and exhibits a different spatial Index profile.

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