Liquid-core waveguides for chemical sensing

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Abstract
A renewable reagent liquid core waveguide (LCW) chemical sensor which used a membrane material as both the sampling element and waveguiding component has been developed. Both aqueous and nonaqueous reagent chemistries were used. The aqueous chemistries were modified by using an ethylene glycol/water mixture (refractive index approximately equals 1.38) which allowed light to be guided inside the tubular membrane material. Several fluoropolymer membrane materials (e.g., PTFE, PFA, FEP) as well as temperature effects on waveguiding were also examined. Two different applications were used to demonstrate LCW chemical sensing. Ammonia was detected using a bromothylmol blue reagent while trichloroethylene (TCE) vapor was detected using the Fujiwara (a base catalyzed pyridine) reagent chemistry.

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