Despite many reports regarding the apparent benign prognosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children,1-4there remains some question about the relationship of this disease to chronic nephritis.5-9While many observers have concluded that the two diseases represent distinct and often unrelated entities, recent evidence, primarily from renal biopsies in adults, indicates that certain cases of chronic glomerulonephritis are the results of acute poststreptococcal disease which has failed to heal.9-11Many previous studies have been deficient because of inadequate follow-up, poor sampling, and the inclusion of diseases that were not clearly acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Because of these inadequacies, particularly with regard to precise definition of etiology of the acute disease, we observed a large group of children who had been clearly afflicted with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in 1953. One-hundred percent (61) of the surviving persons involved in a well-defined epidemic of streptococcal infection with a nephritogenic strain (Redlake